Bearded Dragons Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD)

One of the most common and concerning diseases in bearded dragons is Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD), a condition that can have severe consequences if not addressed early on.

In this article, we’ll delve into the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of MBD in bearded dragons, equipping you with the essential knowledge to give your beloved pet the best care possible.

What is Metabolic Bone Disease in Bearded Dragons?

Metabolic Bone Disease, or MBD, is a broad term that refers to a group of disorders affecting the bones and skeletal system of reptiles, including bearded dragons. These disorders are generally caused by an imbalance in the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D3 in the body. When not properly regulated, these imbalances can lead to weak, brittle bones that are prone to fractures, deformities, and other health complications.

Metabolic bone disease is also known as fibrous osteodystrophy, osteomalacia, secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism, osteoporosis, or rickets, commonly called MBD.

The impact of MBD on a bearded dragon’s health can be quite severe. In the early stages, you may notice your bearded dragon showing signs of lethargy, loss of appetite, or difficulty moving.

As the disease progresses, their bones may become visibly deformed, making it difficult for them to walk, climb, or even eat. In extreme cases, MBD can lead to paralysis and, ultimately, death.

What Causes MBD in Bearded Dragons?

Understanding and addressing these causes of Metabolic Bone Disease in bearded dragons can make a significant difference in their overall health.

Let’s dive into the primary causes of MBD in bearded dragons and discuss how we can prevent this condition from affecting our beloved pets.

1. Inadequate Calcium Intake

One of the primary causes of MBD is a lack of calcium in a bearded dragon’s diet. Calcium plays a vital role in maintaining strong bones and a healthy nervous system. Without enough calcium, bearded dragons can suffer from weakened bones and other health issues.

Gut-loading insects with calcium-rich food and dusting insects with calcium powder before feeding them to your bearded dragon is the best way to meet your beardie’s calcium needs.

2. Insufficient Exposure to UVB Light

Another critical factor that contributes to MBD in bearded dragons is inadequate exposure to UVB light. Bearded dragons need UVB light to synthesize vitamin D3, which helps them absorb calcium from their diet. Without proper UVB exposure, bearded dragons cannot process calcium, leading to MBD.

Providing a high-quality UVB light source is crucial for preventing MBD. Place a UVB bulb within 12 inches of my bearded dragon’s basking area and ensure it covers at least two-thirds of the enclosure has been effective in ensuring proper UVB exposure.

3. Imbalanced Calcium-to-Phosphorus Ratio in the Diet

The calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in a bearded dragon’s diet is another important aspect of preventing MBD. An ideal ratio is 2:1 (calcium to phosphorus), as it allows for proper calcium absorption. A diet with an imbalanced ratio can lead to poor calcium absorption, ultimately resulting in MBD.

What can cause a calcium/phosphorous imbalance?

Poor calcium to phosphorous ratio can be caused by a number of factors, but the majority of them are related to poor husbandry. This can be as simple as not getting enough calcium or getting too much phosphorus in their diet, but there are a number of other factors at play. 

Other dietary factors could include too much fat, which reduces calcium solubility, or foods that restrict calcium absorption. Oxalates, for example, bind to calcium and are excreted together in the intestine.

Vitamin D deficiency is another prevalent cause of low calcium levels. Vitamin D is required for calcium absorption. It allows calcium to pass through the duodenum’s membranes, where it can then be distributed throughout the body.

Vitamin D shortage isn’t usually a dietary problem. While reptiles can get a small amount of Vitamin D from their diet, they don’t absorb it very effectively.

Reptiles have their own metabolic pathways via which they create the vast bulk of what they require. The proper functioning of these pathways, however, requires constant UVA and UVB light exposure. As a result, poor or insufficient lighting is frequently blamed for MBD.

To maintain a balanced ratio, focus on offering a variety of calcium-rich foods, such as collard greens, mustard greens, and dandelion greens. Also avoid feeding my bearded dragon too many phosphorus-rich foods like spinach or beet greens, as they can hinder calcium absorption.

Recognizing the Symptoms of MBD in Bearded Dragons

Being vigilant about your bearded dragon’s health is essential in catching MBD early on. By monitoring for the physical signs and behavioral changes listed below, you can ensure that your beloved pet receives prompt attention and care.

Physical Signs

1. Soft or rubbery jaw and limbs: One of the first signs of MBD in bearded dragons is a soft or rubbery jaw. You may notice that your beardie’s jaw feels unusually pliable when gently touched. Similarly, their limbs may also feel weak and flexible.

2. Swollen or bowed limbs: If MBD progresses, you might observe that your bearded dragon’s limbs appear swollen or bowed. This is due to the weakening of their bones, which can lead to fractures and deformities.

3. Difficulty walking or moving: As MBD affects the skeletal structure of bearded dragons, they may struggle with movement. Watch for signs of your pet having trouble walking, climbing, or even holding their head up.

4. Twitching or tremors: Muscle twitching or tremors can be another sign of MBD. In my experience, one of my bearded dragons developed noticeable tremors in its legs, which alerted me to the possibility of MBD.

Behavioral Changes

1. Lethargy: A bearded dragon suffering from MBD may appear sluggish and less active than usual. This lethargy could be a sign of pain or discomfort due to the weakened bones.

2. Loss of appetite: As MBD progresses, bearded dragons may lose interest in food. This can result in weight loss and a decline in overall health.

3. Difficulty swallowing: If your bearded dragon is having trouble swallowing its food, it may be due to the weakened jaw muscles caused by MBD.

Diagnosing MBD in Bearded Dragons

By following these steps and staying vigilant in monitoring your bearded dragon’s health, you can play an essential role in the early diagnosis and management of MBD.

The Role of a Reptile Veterinarian

1. Finding a qualified reptile veterinarian: When it comes to diagnosing MBD, consulting an experienced reptile veterinarian is essential. They possess the necessary expertise and knowledge to accurately identify the signs and symptoms of MBD in bearded dragons. To find a reputable reptile veterinarian, you can ask for recommendations from fellow reptile enthusiasts or search online for professionals in your area.

2. Importance of regular checkups: Even if your bearded dragon appears healthy, it’s crucial to schedule regular checkups with a reptile veterinarian to ensure any potential issues, including MBD, are detected early.

Diagnostic Tests and Procedures

1. Physical examination: The veterinarian will conduct a thorough physical examination of your bearded dragon to check for signs of MBD. This may include assessing their overall body condition, muscle strength, and bone structure.

2. Blood tests: Blood tests can provide valuable information about your bearded dragon’s calcium and phosphorus levels, which play a crucial role in bone health. An imbalance in these levels can be an indication of MBD.

3. X-rays: Radiographs (X-rays) are a vital diagnostic tool that can reveal bone abnormalities, such as fractures or deformities, that may indicate MBD. The veterinarian will carefully examine the X-ray images to identify any potential issues.

Early Detection and Improved Prognosis

1. The benefits of early detection: Detecting MBD in its early stages can significantly improve your bearded dragon’s prognosis. Early intervention allows for prompt treatment, which can help prevent the progression of MBD and minimize long-term complications.

2. Monitoring your bearded dragon’s health: As a bearded dragon keeper, it’s essential to keep a close eye on your pet’s overall health and behavior. This includes observing their appetite, activity levels, and any physical changes. If you notice any signs that could indicate MBD, such as lethargy, weakness, or difficulty walking, don’t hesitate to consult your reptile veterinarian.

Personal Insights and Tips

1. Be proactive: In my experience, being proactive in your bearded dragon’s care is the key to preventing and managing MBD. This includes providing proper nutrition, UVB lighting, and regular veterinary checkups.

2. Trust your instincts: As a bearded dragon enthusiast, you know your pet better than anyone else. If something seems off, trust your instincts and consult your reptile veterinarian. Early detection and intervention can make all the difference in your bearded dragon’s health and well-being.

Treating and Managing MBD in Bearded Dragons

1. Adjusting the diet for better calcium intake

To help combat MBD, it’s essential to adjust your bearded dragon’s diet to ensure adequate calcium intake. Incorporate calcium-rich foods like collard greens, dandelion greens, and kale, and consider dusting insects with a high-quality calcium supplement before feeding.

Remember that providing a proper calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (around 2:1) is key to preventing MBD in bearded dragons.

2. Ensuring proper UVB exposure for calcium absorption

UVB lighting plays a critical role in calcium absorption for bearded dragons. Make sure to provide the right type of UVB light (I recommend a 10-12% UVB fluorescent tube or a mercury vapor bulb) and position it close enough to your bearded dragon’s basking area (10-12 inches away) for maximum effectiveness.

Replace UVB bulbs every six months to maintain optimal output, and don’t forget to give your bearded dragon some natural sunlight when possible, as it’s the best source of UVB!

3. Calcium and vitamin D3 supplements

If your bearded dragon is diagnosed with MBD, your veterinarian may recommend calcium and vitamin D3 supplements to help restore bone health. Oral calcium supplements can be given daily, while injectable calcium may be administered in more severe cases.

Vitamin D3 supplements are also crucial, as they aid in calcium absorption. Always follow your vet’s advice regarding dosage and duration of treatment.

4. Supportive care options

In addition to supplements, supportive care may be necessary for bearded dragons with MBD. This can include physical therapy to help maintain mobility and muscle strength, as well as pain management using anti-inflammatory medications.

Work closely with your vet to determine the best course of action for your bearded dragon’s specific needs.

Recovering from MBD is a slow process, but with diligent care, your bearded dragon can regain its health. Monitor your pet’s progress regularly, paying close attention to any changes in appetite, activity level, and posture. Maintain a balanced diet and proper UVB lighting, and schedule periodic vet checkups to assess your bearded dragon’s ongoing health. By staying proactive and committed to your bearded dragon’s well-being, you’ll be giving them the best chance to thrive and enjoy a happy, healthy life.

Preventing MBD in Bearded Dragons

By following these guidelines and prioritizing your bearded dragon’s health, you can effectively prevent MBD and ensure they live a long, thriving life. As a fellow reptile enthusiast, I can’t stress enough the importance of proper care in keeping your bearded dragon happy and healthy.

Proper Diet and Supplementation

1. Balanced nutrition: Offer a well-rounded diet that includes a mix of insects, greens, vegetables, and fruits. Aim for 70% insects for juveniles and 50% insects for adults.

2. Calcium-rich food: Incorporate calcium-rich insects like black soldier fly larvae, along with dark leafy greens like collard greens, mustard greens, and dandelion greens.

3. Calcium supplementation: Dust feeder insects with calcium powder 3-5 times a week for juveniles and 1-2 times a week for adults.

4. Vitamin D3 supplementation: Provide a multivitamin supplement containing vitamin D3 once a week to support calcium absorption.

Adequate UVB Lighting

1. Proper UVB bulb: Choose a high-quality UVB bulb (e.g., 10-12% T5 or T8 tube) to ensure your bearded dragon receives adequate ultraviolet light.

2. Correct placement: Position the UVB light 6-12 inches above your dragon’s basking spot, ensuring there are no obstructions (like mesh or glass) between the bulb and your pet.

3. Bulb replacement: Replace your UVB bulb every 6-12 months, as its effectiveness diminishes over time, even if it still emits visible light.

Regular Veterinary Check-ups

1. Initial examination: Schedule a veterinary examination soon after acquiring your bearded dragon to establish a baseline for their health.

2. Annual check-ups: Take your bearded dragon to the vet for annual wellness exams to monitor their overall health and detect any early signs of MBD.

3. Prompt medical attention: Seek veterinary care immediately if you notice any symptoms of MBD, such as lethargy, tremors, or deformities. Early intervention can help prevent severe consequences.

Personal Experiences and Anecdotes

When I first started caring for bearded dragons, I was a novice and eager to learn. I had no idea that a condition like Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) even existed. But as fate would have it, I was soon introduced to this challenging health issue through my beloved bearded dragon, Spike.

Spike was a young beardie with an insatiable appetite for crickets and a penchant for basking under his heat lamp. But one day, I noticed that his movements seemed a bit off, and he appeared to be struggling to climb his favorite branch. Concerned, I did some research and quickly realized that Spike might be suffering from MBD.

Determined to help Spike, I immediately consulted with an experienced reptile veterinarian. After a thorough examination and some tests, Spike was indeed diagnosed with MBD. The vet explained that his calcium levels were too low, which had led to the weakening of his bones.

Faced with this challenge, I was determined to turn things around for my scaly friend. I began by revamping Spike’s diet, ensuring it was rich in calcium and balanced with the right amount of vitamin D3. I also replaced his UVB light with a high-quality one to guarantee proper UV exposure.

Over time, I saw a remarkable improvement in Spike’s health. His movements became more fluid, and he seemed to regain his zest for life. This experience taught me the importance of early detection and intervention when dealing with MBD in bearded dragons.

Sharing this story is not only a way to express my passion for reptile care but also a means to connect with others who might be going through similar experiences. If you have dealt with MBD in your bearded dragon or have any questions, I encourage you to share your story or ask for advice in the comments below. Together, we can help our bearded dragons live their best lives and thrive in our care.

Conclusion

Metabolic bone disease can be prevented. It is far better to prevent than to treat. With proper diet and care your dragon shouldn’t develop this problem. Though, even with the best care things can still go wrong. If you do happen to come by this illness, it is reversible.